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Denying History: Holocaust Denial, Pseudohistory, and How We Know What Happened in the Past
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 5 hours and 32 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Abridged
Publisher: Michael Shermer
Audible.com Release Date: August 7, 2009
Language: English, English
ASIN: B002L32MPU
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
This is the most comprehensive book yet to appear which seeks to refute the claims of Holocaust deniers and revisionists. It seeks to put the nature of historical "truth" in a semi-philosophical framework as well as tackling the empirical claims of deniers head on. There is a strong section attacking Fred Leuchter's so-called research on the bricks at the Auschwitz crematoria (no wonder no traces of cyanide remain after 50 years in the open air) and a thorough account of the nazis' own incriminating records and confessions. Will the book actually convince any Holocaust deniers themselves? Probably not. They will doubtless pin-prick the book, for example Heydrich's death at one point is wrongly given as 1943. And they will continue to maintain that Eichmann's confessions in custody were his last ditch effort to cooperate and thus save his life. As Sherman and Grobman make very clear, Holocaust deniers are ideologically motivated and devoted to rehabilitation of nazism. A final thought: the main media organ of deniers these days is the Internet. There is still scope for a detailed analysis of the content and impact of these hate pages. The authors have written a valuable book, but the debate (like it or not) will go on.
This book is the most convincing refutation that I've seen of the claim that there was no systematic Nazi plan to murder Europe's Jews, and the most penetrating analysis of why some people make that claim. Shermer and Grobman are to be commended for dealing with the subject from the standpoint of historiography, avoiding the shrill ad hominem arguments that are, alas, all too frequent in this sensitive area, and for making an attempt to figure out exactly why people believe what they do. Their analysis of David Irving is especially enlightening: Irving is certainly an intelligent man, and doesn't appear to be a vicious anti-Semite. The authors' explanation of how this otherwise sensible historian was led down the garden path by the ex-Nazi "in crowd" is one of the most interesting, and thoroughly convincing parts of the book.
Being an Israeli Jew, living in a society that reveres the memory of the Holocaust and having partaken in an education system that teaches the details of the Holocaust in detail, there was something missing.Having encountered Holocaust deniers on the internet and hearing their arguments I simply had no tools to counter their points. It wasn't that I didn't know enough details (though I did lack some of that), it wasn't that I wasn't exposed to experiences that led me to believe wholeheartedly that the Holocaust happened (you can't get better than first hand testimonies from actual survivors).What I lacked was an understanding of how History is established - how do we know what we know about History. The Holocaust is THE case study for how faulty evidence handling and faulty reasoning motivated by ideology can lead to denial whereas sound reasoning and historical analysis can lead to true fact finding.It's not enough to know that the Holocaust happened - one needs to know how we know. A must read.
"Denying History" is best seen as a case study of historiography; the authors' take on the issue of defining the difference between history, revision, and denial. Shermer and Grobman argue that there is a very real difference between revisionism and denial, and that, despite arguments to the contrary, Holocaust deniers' are engaged in exactly that - denial.The book gets into many of the relevant issues of historiography; bias, what are facts, the interpretation of facts, etc. and applies it to Holocaust denial. First the authors' discuss the issue of historiography in their introduction, "Who Speaks for the Past," and in Chapter 2, "The Noble Dream: How We Know Anything Happened in History." The next two chapters address who the deniers are, and why they say the Holocaust never happened - this gets into motivation and bias. Chapter 5 then addresses, "the flaws, fallacies and failings in the Denier's Arguments."The next three chapters are spent addressing denier arguments and "facts" and demonstrating how and why their "facts" do not fit into a rational historiography-based argument. Essentially Shermer and Grobman argue that the volume of data and the variety of sources overwhelmingly demonstrate the Holocaust was real; the sources all converge on a single conclusion. And the authors' are not just talking about the number of eye witness accounts, but also legal proceedings, archaeology, scientific and forensic evidence, and a variety of other historical documents from a wide variety of allied and even Nazi sources. As they point out, the deniers' discrediting of one eye witness account, or several, does not negate the volume of other eye witness accounts nor does it negate other types of evidence. Nor does their attempt at making an equivalency argument (the idea that what was done was no worse than what others did) negate the evidence.The authors' finish off the book with, "The Rape of History: Denial, Revision, and the Search for a True and Meaningful Past." This chapter has a brief review of other examples of denial, such as the Japanese and the rape of Nanking, and examples of legitimate revision, such as Martin Bernal's "Black Athena" among others. Essentially the authors' conclude that, "The difference between denial and revision is not in the extremity of the claim..., but in the purposeful distortion of the past for personal reasons...." (p. 241), and, "If there is no method of discriminating between true and false interpretations of the past, between history and pseudo-history, between revisionism and denial, then there is no point in even having a discipline of history." (p. 244)Of particular interest are Shermer's and Grobman's ten tests for denial (pp. 248-250):1. How reliable is the source of the claim?2. Has this source made other claims that were clearly exaggerated?3. Has another source verified the claim?4. How does the claim fit with what we know about the world and how it works?5. Has anyone, including and especially the claimant, gone out of the way to disprove the claim, or has only confirmatory evidence been sought?6. In the absence of clearly defined proof, does the preponderance of evidence converge on the claimant's conclusion or a different one?7. Is the claimant employing the accepted rules of reason and tools of research or only ones that lead to the desired conclusion?8. Has the claimant provided a different explanation for the observed phenomena rather than just denying the existing explanation?9. If the claimant has proffered a new explanation, does it account for as many phenomena as the old explanation does?10. Do the claimant's personal beliefs and biases drive the conclusions or vice versa?
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